CQ10 What Does It Do?

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ), also known as ubiquinone, is a poorly protein-bound coenzyme in the respiratory chain. It is a fat-soluble quinone widely found in organisms and plays an important role in proton translocation and electron transfer in the human respiratory chain. It acts as an activator of cellular metabolism and cellular respiration. It is also an important antioxidant and non-specific immunity booster.

CQ10 inhibits mitochondrial peroxidation. It promotes oxidative phosphorylation and protects the structural integrity of biological membranes. It has a non-specific enhancing effect on immunity, increasing antibody production and improving T-cell function. Coenzyme Q10 is a metabolic activator that activates cellular respiration, accelerates the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and acts as a detoxifying first aid. It can change the hypoxic state of cells and tissues, and has a good protective and improving effect on the liver, brain, heart, and nervous system; it can also enhance the body's non-specific immunity [1].

1. Research on Coenzyme Q10 in Medicine

1.1 Research on Coenzyme Q10 in Oral Diseases

COQ10 has a therapeutic effect on oral diseases. According to the literature, Wu Mengmeng et al[2] studied the effect of coenzyme Q10 on experimental periodontitis in rats. By establishing an animal model of periodontal disease in rats and observing the effects of two types of coenzyme Q10 on experimental periodontitis models in rats, we initially explored its preventive and curative effects on periodontitis and initially explored the mechanism of action of coenzyme Q10.

The results showed that both water-soluble coenzyme Q10 and fat-soluble coenzyme Q10 increased the plasma SOD activity, which improved the clinical status and clinical index of the periodontal tissues of rats and repaired the changes in the morphology and structure of the periodontal tissues. Bao Fuquan et al.[3] studied the effect of coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of recurrent oral ulcers. 61 cases of children with RAU were selected and randomly divided into 32 cases in the treatment group and 29 cases in the control group.

Sixty-one children with RAU were randomly divided into 32 cases in the treatment group and 29 cases in the control group. The treatment group received oral coenzyme Q10 capsules, while the control group received oral vitamin B2 and C tablets, and the efficacy of the treatment was compared after one year of follow-up. The cure rate of the treatment group was 62.5%, the inability rate was 3.1%, and the total effective rate was 96.9%, while that of the control group was 10.3%, 24.2%, and 75.8%, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). It is concluded that the total effective rate of coenzyme Q10 in treating RAU is 96.9%, and it can control the recurrence.

1.2 Research on COQ10 in Cardiovascular Diseases

The clinical application of coenzyme Q10 in cardiovascular diseases is the main application field of coenzyme Q10 at present. Liu Wenli [4] studied the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of angina pectoris in coronary heart disease. The study randomly divided 86 groups of patients with coronary angina into two groups and added the oxygen radical scavenger coenzyme Q10 based on ordinary treatment as adjuvant therapy. In the treatment group, there were 38 cases with obvious effect, 4 cases with effective effect and 1 case with ineffective effect, with an overall efficiency of 98%; in the control group, there were 35 cases with obvious effect, 4 cases with effective effect and 2 cases with ineffective effect, with an overall efficiency of 91%. The total effective rate was 91%. This indicates that the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of angina pectoris in coronary heart disease is reliable and worthy of clinical application.

Ding Jin et al.[5] studied the effect of coenzyme Q10 on exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina pectoris. 205 patients with stable angina pectoris were randomly divided into the control group, the coenzyme Q10 group and the trimetazidine group. After eight weeks of treatment, the number of angina attacks, the weekly consumption of nitroglycerin and the indexes of platelet exercise test were compared among the groups.

Studies have shown that the number of angina episodes and nitroglycerin consumption in the coenzyme Q10-trimetazidine combination group were significantly reduced, the time between exercise and the onset of angina was significantly prolonged, and the workload was significantly increased, which was significantly better than that in the control group. Coenzyme Q10 and trimetazidine were both effective in relieving clinical symptoms in patients with stable angina pectoris, but in comparison, coenzyme Q10 was more economical.

Bi Junfu [6] studied the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of heart failure in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. In this study, 54 patients were divided into two groups: 27 patients in the control group were treated with digitalis, diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and β-blockers; and 27 patients in the treatment group were treated with oral coenzyme Q10, 10mg, 3 times/d, for two months on top of the control group. The study showed that the clinical cardiac function classification of the treatment group improved significantly, the LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction) value increased significantly, and the incidence of malignant arrhythmia decreased significantly. This indicates that coenzyme Q10 can significantly improve the cardiac performance of DCM patients, and is safe and reliable in the field.

1.3 Research on CQ10 in the Context of AIDS

Recent studies have confirmed that coenzyme Q10 is one of the most important biochemical coenzymes in human cells, and has a variety of pharmacological effects such as scavenging free radicals, maintaining the permeability of cell membranes, and improving immune function, and it has recently been found to have a significant adjunctive effect in the treatment of tumors and AIDS [7]. As with other fatal diseases, CoQ10 is highly deficient in AIDS patients in the late stages of the disease.

Prof. Eva Rabing Christensen of the University of Aarhus, Denmark, reported that high-dose coenzyme Q treatment improved the general health of asymptomatic HIV-infected patients with lipid metabolism disorders, and Prof. Christensen and others emphasized that coenzyme Q did improve the general health of patients with peripheral neurological disorders and lipid metabolism disorders, but the precise benefits and effects of the treatment need to be evaluated. However, the exact benefits and effects of coenzyme Q need to be confirmed in future studies [8].

1.4 Coenzyme Q10 in Diabetes Research

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a key role in cellular oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production and is now a proven effective treatment for mitochondrial diabetes. CoQ10 supplementation has been found to not only improve insulin resistance and protect mitochondrial function by reducing oxidative stress, but also fight against atherosclerosis by scavenging oxygen free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and increasing nitric oxide synthesis. In addition, CoQ10 can reduce the adverse effects of statins and synergize with fibrates to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, which can assist in lowering lipids.9 CoQ10 may provide a new therapeutic approach for the prevention and delay of diabetes and its complications.

2.Application of CQ10 in daily chemical products

In recent years, skin care cosmetics such as health food, serum, lotion, and foundation with Coenzyme Q10 have rapidly become popular in the market. As an important nutrient, what are the miraculous effects of Coenzyme Q10?

2.1 Coenzyme Q10 Has the Effect of Protecting the Skin

Coenzyme Q10 penetrates the growth layer of the skin to attenuate the oxidative reaction of photons, and with the assistance of tocopherol, it can activate specific phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase to prevent oxidative damage to DNA, inhibit the expression of collagenase in human skin fibroblasts under ultraviolet light irradiation, and protect the skin from damage. It has been widely researched that coenzyme Q10 inhibits lipid peroxidation, reduces the generation of free radicals, protects the SOD activity center and its structure from oxidative damage by free radicals, improves the activity of SOD and other enzymes in the body, and inhibits apoptosis induced by oxidative stress, thus possessing a significant antioxidant effect [10].

2.2 Application of Coenzyme Q10 in Cosmetics

As a natural antioxidant, Coenzyme Q10 can be used to scavenge oxygen free radicals and slow down the aging of the skin. It can effectively penetrate the skin, stimulate cellular activity and improve the skin texture; it has the function of promoting skin metabolism and repairing wrinkles of the skin, and it can be used to formulate a variety of products following the needs of different functions of cosmetics. Coenzyme Q10 levels are used as an important indicator of skin and health and need to be supplemented as its synthesis decreases after the age of 20.

Coenzyme Q10 provides a source of energy for the body's synthesis of new collagen, so the collagen supplemented orally improves the conversion of the collagen, but at the same time, it can play a greater role in the support and protection of collagen on the skin, so that the hydration will not be lost, and wrinkles, spots, etc. are weakened so that the skin will be more hydrated and more elastic. Such as Nivea's men's vitality series, Mansion's men's Q10 elastic skin milk, DHC firming skin beauty cream, etc. have added coenzyme Q10; recently the United States of America's Finesse and Germany's Svenson also launched a shampoo containing coenzyme Q10, for anti-aging and damaged hair daily care.

2.3 Application of Coenzyme Q10 In the Field of Oral Care Products

Coenzyme Q10 can improve microcirculation, promote the metabolism of tissue microcirculation system, enhance the vitality of tissue cells, accelerate cell renewal, conducive to cellular tissue maintenance and repair; has a strong antioxidant capacity, preventing dental tissue cell edema, membrane rupture and death, enhance the ability to protect the gums, preventing the aging of dental tissue caused by D - galactose degenerative disease; activate the cell metabolism, provide tissue energy, reduce harmful microorganisms in the mouth, help prevent gum infection, bleeding, redness, loose teeth, periodontitis, oral ulcers. It activates cell metabolism, provides energy to the tissues, reduces harmful microorganisms in the oral cavity, and helps to prevent gum infections, bleeding, redness and swelling, as well as loosening of teeth, periodontitis and oral ulcers. Therefore, Coenzyme Q10 can be well used in oral care products. Currently, there is Jinjianlang Reduced Coenzyme Q10 toothpaste produced by Yunnan Yuxi Jiankun Biopharmaceutical Company.

3. Interaction of Coenzyme Q10 with other Medicinal Ingredients

3.1 Coenzyme Q10 and Vitamin B1

Coenzyme Q10 and vitamin B1 can be used in combination to treat chronic heart failure. Yu Juan et al[12], studied 63 cases of heart failure hospitalized patients, randomly divided into two groups, the control group with conventional anti-heart failure treatment, the treatment group based on conventional anti-heart failure treatment with coenzyme Q10 tablets 30 mg / d, vitamin B1 tablets 120 mg / d, the course of treatment for 12 ~ 24 weeks, observation of cardiac function classification, left ventricular ejection fraction, exercise tolerance. Results: Compared with the control group, the treatment group improved the left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac function and exercise tolerance, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The combination of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin B1 can improve left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac function and exercise tolerance, and it is an effective method in addition to the conventional anti-heart failure treatment.

3.2 Coenzyme Q10 and Vitamin B2

The combination of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin B2 can effectively prevent migraine. Wang Yiping et al[13] randomly divided 86 cases of migraine patients into two groups, the treatment group (43 cases) with coenzyme Q10 (60mg Tid) and vitamin B240mg Tid, and the control group (43 cases) with the same dosage form of a placebo, the course of treatment was 3 months. The mean frequency (171041 times/3 months vs. 298077 times/3 months), mean headache degree (108022 degrees vs. 154039 degrees), and mean duration (515211 hours vs. 998386 hours) of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<001). There were no significant adverse effects in both groups. The results showed that coenzyme Q10 plus vitamin B2 is a safe and effective drug for the prevention of migraine attacks.

3.3 Coenzyme Q10 and Rhodiola Rosea Aqueous Extracts

The combination of Rhodiola rosea aqueous extract and coenzyme Q10 has a synergistic effect on learning memory. Shi Jun et al[14] and others, through the acetylcholinesterase in vitro test, NaCN and sugar deficiency-induced PC12 nerve cell injury model, scopolamine-induced memory impairment model mice test, and using the water maze to evaluate the intellectual stimulation effect of the mouse cortex acetylcholinesterase activity, serum monoamine oxygenase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde activity level as an index, to detect the Rhodiola rosea aqueous extracts and coenzyme Q10.

The activities of Rhodiola rosea aqueous extract and coenzyme Q10 were examined as indicators of the pro-intellectual effects of these two substances. The results showed that Rhodiola rosea extract and coenzyme Q10 had synergistic inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase, synergistic protective effects on nerve cell damage, and synergistic effects on scopolamine-induced spatial discrimination learning and memory impairment in mice. The results showed that Rhodiola rosea aqueous extract and coenzyme Q10 had significant synergistic effects on the learning memory of animals.

3.4 Coenzyme Q10 and Vitamin E

Coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E with the use of literature has also been reported, Sun Yanny et al [15] coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E according to the proportion of the preparation plus soybean oil mixed, heated at 80 degrees Celsius for 2h, cooled and dissolved in chloroform for high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, and respectively, and the control of the two comparisons, to check whether there is a new peak appear.

Li Yu et al [16] also analyzed the content and safety toxicological evaluation of five different formulations of Coenzyme Q10 natural vitamin E soft gel capsules after accelerated destruction test by HPLC. The experimental results showed that coenzyme Q10 and natural vitamin E did not change during the formulation process, and the combination was safe for consumption.

4. Prospect

Because of the great value of coenzyme Q10 in the field of medicine and food additives, the research and development of this product has attracted more and more people's attention. In terms of technology, in recent years. With the help of mass media such as radio, television and newspaper, the new products of Coenzyme Q10 have become popular in the markets of Europe, America, Japan and other developed countries, and Chinese enterprises have gradually mastered the advanced technologies of biological extraction method, semi-chemical synthesis method and microbial fermentation and extraction method, so it has become an urgent task to speed up the development of the production of such a product with an excellent market prospect in China.

References:

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[2] Wu Mengmeng. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on experimental periodontitis in rats[D]. Hebei Medical University, 2011.

[3] Bao Fuquan, Bao Zhaoxia, Xia Shiyi. Treatment of recurrent oral ulcers with coenzyme Q10[J]. Clinical Medicine, 2012, 32(4): 99-100.

[4] Liu Wenli. Observation on the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of angina pectoris[J]. China Modern Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 2004, 3(2): 25-25.

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[5] Ding Jin, Gong Jianbin. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina pectoris[J]. Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases of Chinese and Western Medicine, 2010, 8(004): 398-399.

[6] Bi Junfu. Efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of heart failure patients with dilated cardiomyopathy[J]. Journal of Practical Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Vascular Disease, 2012, 20(11): 1813-1814.

[7] ZHANG Xuesong, SUN Qingyuan. Prospects for the development of coenzyme Q10 in healthcare[J].

[8] HUANG H, LIN Qian. Coenzyme Q may improve the health status of HIV-infected patients[J]. Foreign Medical Intelligence, 2005, 26(2): 17-18.

[9] WANG Xi, REN Yan. Research and clinical application of coenzyme Q10 in diabetes mellitus[J]. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2010 (1): 51-53.

[10] Li Qiong. Role of coenzyme Q10 and its application in cosmetic products[J]. Oral Care Products Industry, 2012, 2: 012.

[11]Yu Juan, Lv Huiping, Zhang Zufeng, et al. Efficacy of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin B1 in the treatment of chronic heart failure in the elderly[J]. Henan Medical Research, 2012, 21(2): 177-178.

[12] Wang Yiping. Clinical efficacy of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin B2 in preventing migraine attacks[J]. Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment, 2006, 6(3): 173-174.

[13] Shi Jun, Li Xianxia, Yao Wenbing. Synergistic effects of Rhodiola rosea extract and coenzyme Q10 on learning memory in mice[J]. Chinese Journal of Biochemical Drugs, 2006, 27(1): 15-18.

[14] SUN Yanni, LIU Jianli, XING Lianxi, et al. Study on the interaction between vitamin E and coenzyme Q10[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2010 (6): 1118-1120.

[15] LI Yu, LIANG Yi-Ying, FENG Xiaowen. Food safety of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E[J]. Modern Food Science and Technology, 2012, 28(1): 108-114.