What Are the Uses of Rhodiola Extract?

Rhodiola rosea is a kind of alpine rare plant, because of its special adaptability and strong vitality, it is known as plateau ginseng, snow mountain fairy grass, etc. It is used for both medicinal and food purposes, and it is listed as the top grade of medicine. Rhodiola rosea glycoside is one of the active ingredients in Rhodiola rosea extract.

Pharmacological studies have shown that rhodiola rosea glycoside has the effects of lowering blood lipids and blood sugar, improving physical strength, brain power, memory, attention and immunity, and it also has the effects of anti-aging, hypoxia, cold, tumors, renal damage, osteoporosis, hepatic fibrosis, and microwave radiation, and it has been used to treat a variety of chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, pulmonary heart disease, coronary heart disease and rheumatism, which has received a great deal of attention. Attention. The level of rhodiola rosea glycoside content is used as the standard for evaluating the quality of rhodiola rosea, and its extraction and content determination methods are especially important for people to study the medicinal health care value and economic value of rhodiola rosea.

1 Rhodiola rosea glycoside content determination

Rhodiola rosea glycoside melting point 158～160℃, easily soluble in water, ethanol, n-butanol, slightly soluble in ether, acetone, colorless and transparent needle-like crystals. The methods for the determination of Rhodiola rosea glycosides include: high performance liquid chromatography, fluorescence spectrometry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, redilution colorimetry, thin-layer scanning method, HPLC method and RP-HPLC method, etc. The extract of Rhodiola rosea glycosides is extracted from the plant of Rhodiola rosea.

2 Extraction process of Rhodiola rosea glycosides

2.1 Water extraction

Water extraction is a traditional method, with the advantages of safety, low cost, environmental protection, convenience and so on, suitable for large-scale production, but time-consuming, extraction rate is not high. The aqueous extraction method generally involves crushing the sample, sieving, adding deionized water, heating the extraction, cooling the crude filtration, and finally centrifuging the supernatant. The best solution was determined after optimization of orthogonal test: Rhodiola rosea root was crushed and passed through a 60-mesh sieve, the material-liquid mass ratio was 1:10, and the extraction was carried out at 100°C for 10 min. The yield of Rhodiola rosea glycosides was 0.899 mg/mL under the condition, and the influences of the factors were, from the largest to the smallest, material-liquid ratio＞temperature＞time＞milling degree[1] . In addition, Ji Mingjiang et al [2] also studied the extraction of Rhodiola rosea glycosides by aqueous extraction process, resulting in: the material-liquid ratio of 1g : 20mL, immersion for 24h, microwave power of 28W treatment for 20s, the extraction temperature and time of 80 ℃, 1.5h, Rhodiola rosea glycosides extracted at a rate of 0.733%.

2.2 Alcohol extraction method

Alcohol extraction method is suitable for industrial production, the use of orthogonal test, high performance liquid chromatography to determine the content of Rhodiola rosea, screening in the ethanol concentration of 80%, material-liquid ratio of 1g : 20mL, 70 ℃ under the condition of extraction for 2h, alcohol extraction of Rhodiola rosea extracted glycosides extraction rate of 0.623%. Because ethanol can extract tissue pigment, so the clarity of the extracted solution, the color is better than the water extraction method, but rhodiola rosea glycosides extraction rate is lower than the water method, so there is a long extraction time and the disadvantage of the yield is not high. In addition, some research results show that[3] , after optimization by one-way experiment and orthogonal test method, the average extraction rate of Rhodiola rosea glycosides is 93.1% under the condition of extracting in 8 times amount of 70% ethanol for 3 times, 1.5h each time.

2.3 High-pressure extraction method

Ultra-high-pressure extraction technology has been widely used in medicine, food, industry and other fields, the working principle is: at room temperature, the pressure of 100 ~ 1000Mpa liquid static pressure on the extraction medium and the mixture of medicinal herbs, for a period of time, so that the pressure inside and outside the cell equilibrium and then quickly unpressurized, due to the significant increase in the osmotic capacity of the cell membrane and the rapid change of the pressure, to achieve the effective components of the herbs of high efficiency, Due to the significant enhancement of cell membrane permeability and rapid change of pressure, efficient and rapid extraction of active ingredients of the herb was realized.

After the optimization of UHP extraction of Rhodiola rosea glycosides[4] , it was found that under the conditions of 73.3% ethanol, extraction pressure 255.5Mpa, material-liquid ratio of 1g:29.5mL, and extraction once in 2min, the extraction rate was as high as 9.29mg/g. UHP technology is suitable for the simultaneous extraction of water-soluble and fat-soluble components, and has the advantages of shorter extraction time, high extraction rate, simple operation and low energy consumption compared with the conventional method. Compared with the conventional method, it has the advantages of short extraction time, high extraction rate, simple operation, low energy consumption and so on.

2.4 Ultrasonic method

Ultrasonic method is to shorten the extraction time and increase the yield of the product without changing the biological activity of the extract, using the cavitation, mechanical and thermodynamic effects of high-frequency oscillation to destroy the plant cell wall and accelerate the dissolution of the active ingredient. It has the advantages of simple operation and no pollution, but it is difficult to produce on a large scale due to the limitation of equipment. The optimal method for ultrasonic extraction of Rhodiola rosea[5] is: material-liquid ratio of 1g : 12mL, 60% ethanol, 800W ultrasonic power extraction for 0.5h. The extraction rate value reached 1.291%. The value of extraction rate was 1.291%, and the significant factors were: material-liquid ratio < ethanol concentration < extraction time.

2.5 Microwave-assisted method

Microwave-assisted extraction is a new extraction technique that combines microwave and solvent extraction to form a new and promising technique for the extraction of natural products. After microwave treatment, it has been experimentally proven that aqueous extraction of rhodiola rosea glycosides is more effective than alcoholic extraction. Min et al [6] optimized the microwave-assisted extraction process of Rhodiola rosea glycosides, and the results showed that the transfer rate of Rhodiola rosea glycosides reached 99.86% under the conditions of material-liquid ratio of 1 : 10 and microwave power of 426 W for three times, each time for 90 s.

Zhao Wuqi et al [7] showed that the microwave-assisted extraction of Rhodiola rosea glycosides was more effective than the alcohol extraction. Zhao Wuqi et al [7] optimized the extraction process of Rhodiola rosea glycosides as 1g : 20mL, 1.5h, low microwave power treatment for 60s, magnetic stirring for 15min, and extraction for two times, and the extraction rate was 90% under this condition. It was proved that the extraction rate of microwave extraction was more than 40% higher than that of heat reflux extraction, and the time was shorter; compared with CO2 supercritical extraction, the cost was lower and the investment was less; compared with Soxhlet extraction, it was more time-saving.

2.6 Macroporous adsorption resin method

Large pore adsorption resin shows great advantages in the separation and purification of Chinese herbal medicine, and has been widely used, and also has the advantages of large adsorption capacity, renewable recycling, and obvious and reliable effect. The optimal process parameters for the purification of rhodiola rosea glucoside with the best resin LSA-30, which had adsorption and desorption rates of 63.86% and 82.39%, respectively, were as follows: the concentration of the sample solution was 2.55 mg/mL, the ratio of the sample solution to the resin was 4 mL:1 g, the flow rate of the sample solution was 1.0-2.0 mL/min, and the purification of the rhodiola rosea glucoside was carried out with 10 times the volume of the column with 30% ethanol. Under this condition, the mass fraction and yield of rhodioloside were 10.7% and 70.6%, respectively. This preferred process provides a reliable basis for the industrial production of rhodiola rosea glycoside purification, and is of positive significance for the full utilization of rhodiola rosea resources [8].

In addition to the methods described above, there are also enzymatic methods, including fibrin enzymatic method, biological enzymatic method, supercritical CO2 extraction method, thermal reflux method, and organic solvent extraction and chromatography methods, etc. Although all of them can realize the extraction and separation of Rhodiola rosea glycosides, but each method has advantages and disadvantages, so it is necessary to select and apply them in accordance with the different situations. In order to maximize the extraction rate and purity of rhodiola rosea glycosides, researchers must continue to conduct in-depth studies on the optimal process conditions of various extraction methods.

3 Application Prospects

Rhodiola contains rich nutritional and health care active ingredients, such as rhodiola rosea glycosides, tyrosol, flavonoids, phenols, coumarins, volatile oils, polysaccharides, trace volatile oils, vitamins and a variety of amino acids, etc. At the same time, the toxicity of rhodiola rosea is low. At the same time, the lower toxicity of Rhodiola rosea also provides a broad prospect for its further development in the application of drugs, health food and daily use cosmetics.

3.1 Application of Rhodiola Rosea extract in Pharmaceuticals

The development of Rhodiola rosea Chinese medicinal preparations[9] has demonstrated a variety of disease prevention and treatment and health care functions in the clinic, and researchers have produced a large variety of medicines with remarkable therapeutic effects by using Rhodiola rosea as raw material. For example, Rhodiola rosea capsules are not only rationally prepared, but also of controllable quality and good stability. Through many clinical cases, researchers found that it can effectively treat myocardial ischemia, improve cardiovascular function, chest paralysis, palpitation and shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness and other diseases, without obvious toxic side effects.

Oral solution of Rhodiola Rosea, which is mainly made of alpine Rhodiola Rosea and supplemented by other traditional Chinese medicines, has the efficacy of high efficiency of anti-ischemia, resistance to hypoxia and anti-fatigue, and it has the special effect on the symptoms caused by overloading of physical strength and brain power. Rhodiola rosea injection is mainly used for patients with chronic cerebral blood supply insufficiency, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., and the overall efficiency of its efficacy reaches more than 90%.

There are also oral tablets of compound Rhodiola rosea, which can prevent senile dementia and is mainly composed of Rhodiola rosea, Radix Polygoni Multiflori, Rhizoma Polygoni Multiflori and Rhizoma Polygoni Multiflori, etc.; Rhodiola Rosea drop pills, which is good for relieving myocardial infarction; Rhodiola Rosea punch, which is applied in the treatment of cardio-cerebral and cerebral vascular diseases; Rhodiola Rosea granules, which can improve the body's resistance to hypoxia and cold; and Rhodiola rosea-coated tablets, dispersible tablets, effervescent tablets, tincture, and liposomes, etc., are all good preparations. preparation. With the development of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, especially under the premise that modern people aspire to green health and pursue “keeping in good health”, the development of new dosage form of Rhodiola rosea with precise curative effect and stable process will have a broad prospect, and it will certainly become a hot spot of research in the pharmaceutical industry, which will be of great benefit to the protection of human health.

3.2 Application of Rhodiola Rosea extract in Foods

In recent years, there are a lot of research reports on health food of Rhodiola rosea [10]. The products developed by Rhodiola rosea mainly include wine, beverage, tea, etc. Rhodiola rosea wine is a kind of tonic wine that has the function of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, dredging meridians and collaterals, promoting brain health and wisdom, eliminating fatigue and resisting hypoxia, and the most popular ones are Rhodiola rosea wine and Rhodiola rosea liqueur, which are made from glutinous rice and Rhodiola rosea rhizomes to make maceration, and can be formulated into Rhodiola rosea liqueur with distinctive aroma and mellow and rich fragrance.

Drinks mainly include alpine rhodiola beverages: after the extraction of alpine rhodiola extracts are extracted, it is boiled for 40min after preparation, filtration, sterilization and other processes, and it can be obtained as health care products with dark red color and suitable taste, which can make astronauts, divers and athletes wake up their brains and eyesight, and make their bodies lighter and more energetic. Rhodiola rosea and black corn currant compound drink: 15% of rhodiola rosea extract, 20% of black currant juice, 10% of sucrose, 0.1% of citric acid. There are mainly Rhodiola Rosea Fine Tea, Rhodiola Rosea Instant Health Tea, Rhodiola Rosea Oolong Tea, etc.

Among them, Rhodiola Rosea Fine Tea is made from Rhodiola Rosea as the raw material, and is mixed evenly according to the formula of weight percentage of Rhodiola Rosea Extract of 0%-75%, Green Tea Extract of 5%-45%, and additives of 0%-20%, which is suitable for people with oxygen deficiency in the plateau, people who have to work hard for their brains and people in middle-aged and old-aged people, It is suitable for people with high altitude and lack of oxygen, brain workers, middle-aged and elderly people, people with diabetes and obese people to drink. In addition, there is Rhodiola rosea soy milk powder made from soybean and Rhodiola rosea as raw materials, which has the effect of anti-oxidation and slowing down the aging process; Rhodiola rosea soy sauce, which is a health care condiment with a unique flavor and rich nutrition; Rhodiola rosea bread, which has a certain degree of water-holding property and has a plant fragrance; and Rhodiola rosea flavor water, which has the taste of Rhodiola rosea fragrance and flavor, and so on.

3.3 Application of Rhodiola rosea extract in cosmetics

With the improvement of people's quality of life, skin care has become particularly important, and people are more and more in favor of natural cosmetics containing natural compounds and herbal ingredients. The root extract of Rhodiola rosea, a precious perennial natural medicinal plant, can be used as raw material for cosmetics[11] . The root contains a large number of phenolic components, such as arbutin, which can effectively resist ultraviolet rays and other harmful rays, and limit the conversion of tyrosine into melanin, thus reducing the accumulation of melanin; the root extract has antioxidant properties, and it can inhibit the activity of elastase to maintain the elasticity of the skin and improve the skin's self-protection ability; it can inhibit aromatization, and can inhibit the activity of elastase, which can maintain the skin elasticity and enhance the skin's self-protection ability. Its root extract has antioxidant property, which can inhibit elastase activity, maintain skin elasticity and improve skin self-protection ability; it can inhibit aromatase and fatase, so it has better effect on weight loss.

Rhodiola rosea is a multifunctional cosmetic additive, especially in anti-aging and skin whitening. There are already many kinds of cosmetic products with Rhodiola rosea as the raw material in the market, such as “Ginseng White Day Cream” in “Yongfang Changbaishan Natural Plant Skin Care Series”, which is composed of Rhodiola rosea, ginseng and other plants, replacing the synthetic sunscreen in the past. Ginseng is a natural sunscreen ingredient that is composed of plants such as Rhodiola rosea and ginseng, replacing the previous synthetic sunscreen. Ginseng's sun protection ability is lower than that of Rhodiola Rosea. Rhodiola rosea extract is also included in the ingredients of many cosmetic products such as the “Jingtian Snow” series, the “Ice Plains Rhodiola Rosea” series, and the “Xiangyi Herbal Rhodiola Rosea” series. The research and development of herbal cosmetic ingredients will become a key target for domestic and foreign production and R&D organizations.

References:

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